Agricultural science is closely related to biological science and agricultural scientists use the principles of biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and other sciences to solve problems in agriculture. They often work with biological scientists on basic biological research and in applying to agriculture the advances in knowledge brought about by biotechnology.

Many agricultural scientists work in basic or applied research and development. Others manage or administer research and development programs or manage marketing or production operations in companies that produce food products or agricultural chemicals, supplies and machinery. Some agricultural scientists are consultants to business firms, private clients or to government.

Depending on the agricultural scientist's area of specialization, the nature of the work performed varies.